Mekini hana o ka uila paʻa

ʻO ka maʻamau, hana ʻia ka uila static ma muli o ka friction a i ʻole induction.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka uila static frictional e ka neʻe ʻana o nā uku uila i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻopili ʻana, friction, a i ʻole ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma waena o nā mea ʻelua.ʻO ka uila paʻa i waiho ʻia e ka hakakā ma waena o nā mea hoʻokele maʻamau, ma muli o ka ikaika o ka conductivity.E neʻe koke nā ion i hana ʻia e ka friction a hoʻokaʻawale i ka wā a i ka pau ʻana o ke kaʻina hana friction.Ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana o ka insulator, hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia kahi uila electrostatic kiʻekiʻe, akā liʻiliʻi loa ka nui o ka uku.Hoʻoholo ʻia kēia e ke ʻano kino o ka insulator ponoʻī.I loko o ka molecular structure o ka insulator, he mea paʻakikī i nā electrons ke neʻe manuahi mai ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka nucleus atomic, no laila ʻo ka friction ka hopena i ka liʻiliʻi o ka molecular a i ʻole atomic ionization.

ʻO ka uila static inductive he kahua uila i hana ʻia e ka neʻe ʻana o nā electrons i loko o kahi mea ma lalo o ka hana a kahi kahua electromagnetic i ka wā i loko o ke kahua uila.Hiki ke hana ʻia ka uila static inductive ma nā conductors.Hiki ke nānā ʻole ʻia ka hopena o nā kahua electromagnetic spatial ma nā insulators.

ʻO ka hana hoʻokuʻu electrostatic

He aha ke kumu e hiki ai i ka uila nui 220V ke pepehi kanaka, akā ʻaʻole hiki i nā tausani volts ma luna o nā kānaka ke pepehi iā lākou?Hoʻokō ka volta ma luna o ka capacitor i kēia ʻano: U=Q/C.Wahi a kēia ʻano, inā liʻiliʻi ka capacitance a liʻiliʻi ka nui o ka uku, e hana ʻia kahi volta kiʻekiʻe."ʻO ka maʻamau, liʻiliʻi loa ka capacitance o ko mākou kino a me nā mea a puni mākou.Ke hana ʻia kahi hoʻoili uila, hiki i kahi helu liʻiliʻi o ka uku uila ke hoʻohua i kahi voli kiʻekiʻe. "Ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ka uku uila, i ka wā e hoʻokuʻu ai, liʻiliʻi loa ke au i hana ʻia, a pōkole loa ka manawa.ʻAʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia ka volta, a hāʻule ka manawa i ka manawa pōkole loa."No ka mea ʻaʻole he insulator ke kino o ke kanaka, e hui pū ʻia nā static charges a puni ke kino, ke loaʻa kahi ala hoʻokuʻu.No laila, manaʻo ʻia ua ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ke au a aia ke ʻano o ka haʻalulu uila.Ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka uila paʻa i nā conductors e like me nā kino kanaka a me nā mea metala, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana.

No nā mea me nā waiwai insulation maikaʻi, ʻo ka nui o ka uku uila i hana ʻia he liʻiliʻi loa, a ʻo ka mea ʻē aʻe he paʻakikī ke kahe ʻana o ka uku uila.ʻOiai ke kiʻekiʻe o ka volta, i ka wā e loaʻa ai kahi ala hoʻokuʻu ma kahi, hiki ke kahe a hoʻokuʻu wale ka uku ma ka wahi hoʻopili a i loko o kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka uku ma ka wahi pili ʻole.No laila, ʻoiai me ka volta o nā ʻumi kaukani volts, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka ikehu.

Nā pōʻino o ka uila paʻa i nā ʻāpana uila

Hiki ke pōʻino i ka uila staticLEDs, ʻaʻole wale ka "patent" kūʻokoʻa o LED, akā hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā diodes a me nā transistors i hana ʻia i nā mea silika.Hiki i nā hale, nā lāʻau, a me nā holoholona ke pōʻino e ka uila paʻa (ʻo ka uila ke ʻano o ka uila paʻa, a ʻaʻole mākou e noʻonoʻo ma aneʻi).

No laila, pehea e hoʻopōʻino ai ka uila static i nā mea uila?ʻAʻole au makemake e hele lōʻihi loa, e kamaʻilio wale ana e pili ana i nā mea semiconductor, akā ua kaupalena ʻia i nā diodes, transistors, ICs, a me nā LED.

ʻO ka pōʻino i hana ʻia e ka uila i nā ʻāpana semiconductor e pili ana i kēia manawa.Ma lalo o ka hana o ka uila, ua poino ka mea ma muli o ka wela.Inā loaʻa kahi au, pono e loaʻa kahi volta.Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa i nā diodes semiconductor nā junctions PN, nona ka laina voli e ālai ana i kēia manawa ma nā ʻaoʻao i mua a i hope.He haʻahaʻa ka pale hiki i mua, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka pale hope.I loko o kahi kaapuni, kahi kiʻekiʻe o ke kū'ē, ua paʻa ka volta.Akā no nā LED, i ka wā e hoʻopili ʻia ai ka uila i mua o ke LED, i ka wā i emi iho ai ka uila o waho ma mua o ka volta paepae o ka diode (e pili ana i ka laula o ka band material), ʻaʻohe mea i mua, a ua hoʻopili ʻia ka volta ka hui PN.Ke hoʻohana ʻia ka volta i ka LED ma hope, i ka emi ʻana o ka volta o waho ma mua o ka haʻihaʻi haʻihaʻi uila o ka LED, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka volta i ka hui PN holoʻokoʻa.I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe hāʻule uila i loko o ka hui solder hemahema o ka LED, ka bracket, ka wahi P, a i ʻole ka wahi N!No ka mea, ʻaʻohe o kēia manawa.Ma hope o ka haki ʻana o ka junction PN, e kaʻana like ka voltage waho e nā mea pale a pau ma ke kaapuni.Ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o ke kū'ē, kiʻekiʻe ka volta i lawe ʻia e ka ʻāpana.E like me nā LED e pili ana, he mea maʻamau ka lawe ʻana o ka hui PN i ka hapa nui o ka volta.ʻO ka mana wela i hana ʻia ma ka hui PN ʻo ia ka hāʻule o ka volta ma luna o ia i hoʻonui ʻia e ka waiwai o kēia manawa.Inā ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia ka waiwai o kēia manawa, e hoʻopau ka wela nui i ka hui PN, e nalowale ana kāna hana a komo.

No ke aha e makaʻu ai nā IC i ka uila paʻa?Ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka ʻāpana o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana i kahi IC, liʻiliʻi loa ka capacitance parasitic o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana (pinepine i ka hana kaapuni e koi i ka capacitance parasitic liʻiliʻi loa).No laila, ʻo ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻoili electrostatic e hoʻohua i kahi voli electrostatic kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo ka ʻae ʻana o ka mana o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana he liʻiliʻi loa ia, no laila hiki i ka hoʻokuʻu electrostatic ke hōʻino maʻalahi i ka IC.Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole makaʻu loa nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa maʻamau, e like me nā diodes liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me nā transistors mana liʻiliʻi, i ka uila static, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o kā lākou chip a ʻoi aku ka nui o kā lākou parasitic capacitance, a ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā voltages kiʻekiʻe. iā lākou ma nā hoʻonohonoho static maʻamau.Hiki i nā transistors MOS haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka pōʻino electrostatic ma muli o ko lākou ʻīpuka ʻoki ʻoki ʻoki a me ka capacitance parasitic liʻiliʻi.Haʻalele lākou i ka hale hana ma hope o ka hoʻopili pōkole ʻana i nā electrodes ʻekolu ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana.I ka hoʻohana ʻana, koi pinepine ʻia e wehe i ke ala pōkole ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka welding.Ma muli o ka ʻāpana chip nui o nā transistors MOS mana kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole e hōʻino ka uila static maʻamau iā lākou.No laila, e ʻike ʻoe ʻaʻole pale ʻia nā electrodes ʻekolu o nā transistors MOS mana e nā pōkole pōkole (ua hoʻopōkole ʻia nā mea hana mua ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka hale hana).

He diode maoli ka LED, a he nui loa kona wahi e pili ana i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana i loko o ka IC.No laila, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka capacitance parasitic o nā LED.No laila, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopōʻino i nā LED i ka uila static.

Hiki i ka uila electrostatic i nā kūlana maʻamau, ʻoi aku ma luna o nā insulators, hiki ke loaʻa i ka volta kiʻekiʻe, akā liʻiliʻi loa ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, a he pōkole loa ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana.ʻAʻole i kiʻekiʻe loa ka volta o ka hoʻoiho electrostatic i hoʻokomo ʻia ma luna o ka mea hoʻokele, akā nui paha ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana.He mea ʻino loa kēia i nā mea uila.

No ke aha e pōʻino ai ka uila staticNā ʻāpana LEDʻaʻole hiki pinepine

E hoʻomaka kākou me kahi hanana hoʻokolohua.Lawe ʻia kahi pā hao metala i ka uila static 500V.E kau i ke kukui ma luna o ka pā metala (e hoʻolohe i ke ʻano o ka hoʻokomo ʻana e pale aku i nā pilikia e hiki mai ana).Manaʻo ʻoe e pōʻino ka LED?Maʻaneʻi, no ka hōʻinoʻana i kahi LED, pono e hoʻohana pinepineʻia me ka voltage iʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o kona puʻupuʻu haʻihaʻi,ʻo ia hoʻi, pono e hoʻopili like nā electrodesʻelua o ke LED i ka pā metala a loaʻa ka voltage iʻoi aʻe ma mua o ka voltage breakdown.ʻOiai he mea hoʻokele maikaʻi ka pā hao, ua like ka volta i hoʻokomo ʻia ma waena o ia, a ʻo ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo 500V Volta e pili ana i ka lepo.No laila, ʻaʻohe volta ma waena o nā electrodes ʻelua o ke LED, a ʻaʻohe mea e pōʻino.Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻopili i hoʻokahi electrode o kahi LED me kahi pā hao, a hoʻopili i ka electrode ʻē aʻe me kahi conductor (lima a i ʻole uea me ka ʻole o ka insulating mīkina lima) i ka lepo a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻokele ʻē aʻe.

Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei ka hanana hoʻokolohua ma luna aʻe i ka wā e loaʻa ai kahi LED i kahi kahua electrostatic, pono e hoʻopili kekahi electrode i ke kino electrostatic, a pono e hoʻopili ka electrode ʻē aʻe i ka lepo a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻokele ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka pōʻino.Ma ka hana maoli a me ka noi ʻana, me ka liʻiliʻi o nā LED, ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa nā mea like, ʻoi aku ka nui ma nā pūʻulu.Hiki i nā hanana pōʻino.No ka laʻana, aia kahi LED ma ke kino electrostatic, a hoʻopili kekahi electrode i ke kino electrostatic, aʻo ka electrode ʻē aʻe e hoʻokuʻu wale ʻia.I kēia manawa, hoʻopā kekahi i ka electrode i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, hiki ke hōʻino i kakukui LED.

Hōʻike ka mea i luna nei ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia nā pilikia electrostatic.Pono ka hoʻokuʻu electrostatic i kahi kaapuni conductive, a ʻaʻohe pōʻino inā loaʻa ka uila static.Ke hiki mai ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka leakage, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ka pilikia o ka pōʻino electrostatic ulia.Inā loaʻa ia i nā mea nui, ʻoi aku ka pilikia o ka palaka chip a i ʻole ke kaumaha.