Mekini hana o ka uila paʻa

ʻO ka maʻamau, hana ʻia ka uila static ma muli o ka friction a i ʻole induction.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka uila static frictional e ka neʻe ʻana o nā uku uila i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻopili ʻana, friction, a i ʻole ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma waena o nā mea ʻelua. ʻO ka uila paʻa i waiho ʻia e ka hakakā ma waena o nā mea hoʻokele maʻamau, ma muli o ka ikaika o ka conductivity. E neʻe koke nā ion i hana ʻia e ka friction a hoʻokaʻawale i ka wā a i ka pau ʻana o ke kaʻina hana friction. Ma hope o ke kuʻi ʻana o ka insulator, hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia kahi uila electrostatic kiʻekiʻe, akā liʻiliʻi loa ka nui o ka uku. Hoʻoholo ʻia kēia e ke ʻano kino o ka insulator ponoʻī. I loko o ka molecular structure o ka insulator, he mea paʻakikī i nā electrons ke neʻe manuahi mai ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka nucleus atomic, no laila ʻo ka friction ka hopena i ka liʻiliʻi o ka molecular a i ʻole atomic ionization.

ʻO ka uila static inductive he kahua uila i hana ʻia e ka neʻe ʻana o nā electrons i loko o kahi mea ma lalo o ka hana a kahi kahua electromagnetic i ka wā i loko o ke kahua uila. Hiki ke hana ʻia ka uila static inductive ma nā conductors. Hiki ke nānā ʻole ʻia ka hopena o nā kahua electromagnetic spatial ma nā insulators.

ʻO ka hana hoʻokuʻu electrostatic

He aha ke kumu e hiki ai i ka uila nui 220V ke pepehi kanaka, akā ʻaʻole hiki i nā tausani volts ma luna o nā kānaka ke pepehi iā lākou? Hoʻokō ka volta ma luna o ka capacitor i kēia ʻano: U=Q/C. Wahi a kēia ʻano, inā liʻiliʻi ka capacitance a liʻiliʻi ka nui o ka uku, e hana ʻia kahi volta kiʻekiʻe. "ʻO ka maʻamau, liʻiliʻi loa ka capacitance o ko mākou kino a me nā mea a puni mākou. Ke hana ʻia kahi hoʻoili uila, hiki i kahi helu liʻiliʻi o ka uku uila ke hoʻohua i kahi voli kiʻekiʻe. " Ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ka uku uila, i ka wā e hoʻokuʻu ai, liʻiliʻi loa ke au i hana ʻia, a pōkole loa ka manawa. ʻAʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia ka volta, a hāʻule ka manawa i ka manawa pōkole loa. "No ka mea, ʻaʻole he insulator ke kino kanaka, e hui pū nā static charges i loko o ke kino, ke loaʻa kahi ala hoʻokuʻu. No laila, manaʻo ʻia ua ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ke au a aia ke ʻano o ka haʻalulu uila. Ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka uila paʻa i nā conductors e like me ke kino kanaka a me nā mea metala, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana.

No nā mea me nā waiwai insulation maikaʻi, ʻo ka nui o ka uku uila i hana ʻia he liʻiliʻi loa, a ʻo ka mea ʻē aʻe he paʻakikī ke kahe ʻana o ka uku uila. ʻOiai ke kiʻekiʻe o ka volta, ke loaʻa kahi ala hoʻokuʻu ma kekahi wahi, ʻo ka hoʻopiʻi ma ka wahi hoʻopili a i loko o kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e hiki ke kahe a hoʻokuʻu, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka uku ma ka wahi pili ʻole. No laila, ʻoiai me ka volta o nā ʻumi kaukani volts, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka ikehu.

Nā pōʻino o ka uila paʻa i nā ʻāpana uila

Hiki ke pōʻino i ka uila staticLEDs, ʻaʻole wale ka "patent" kūʻokoʻa o LED, akā hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā diodes a me nā transistors i hana ʻia i nā mea silika. Hiki i nā hale, nā lāʻau, a me nā holoholona ke pōʻino e ka uila paʻa (ʻo ka uila ke ʻano o ka uila paʻa, a ʻaʻole mākou e noʻonoʻo ma aneʻi).

No laila, pehea e hoʻopōʻino ai ka uila static i nā mea uila? ʻAʻole au makemake e hele lōʻihi loa, e kamaʻilio wale ana e pili ana i nā mea semiconductor, akā ua kaupalena ʻia i nā diodes, transistors, ICs, a me nā LED.

ʻO ka pōʻino i hana ʻia e ka uila i nā ʻāpana semiconductor e pili ana i kēia manawa. Ma lalo o ka hana o ka uila, ua poino ka mea ma muli o ka wela. Inā loaʻa kahi au, pono e loaʻa kahi volta. Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa i nā diodes semiconductor nā junctions PN, nona ka laina voli e ālai ana i kēia manawa ma nā ʻaoʻao i mua a i hope. He haʻahaʻa ka pale hiki i mua, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka pale hope. I loko o kahi kaapuni, kahi kiʻekiʻe o ke kū'ē, ua paʻa ka volta. Akā no nā LED, i ka wā e hoʻopili ʻia ai ka uila i mua o ke LED, i ka wā i emi iho ai ka uila o waho ma mua o ka volta paepae o ka diode (e pili ana i ka laula o ka band material), ʻaʻohe mea i mua, a ua hoʻopili ʻia ka volta ka hui PN. Ke hoʻohana ʻia ka volta i ka LED ma hope, i ka emi ʻana o ka volta o waho ma mua o ka haʻihaʻi haʻihaʻi uila o ka LED, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka volta i ka hui PN holoʻokoʻa. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻohe hāʻule uila i loko o ka hui solder hemahema o ka LED, ka bracket, ka wahi P, a i ʻole ka wahi N! No ka mea, ʻaʻohe o kēia manawa. Ma hope o ka haki ʻana o ka junction PN, e kaʻana like ka volta waho e nā mea pale a pau ma ke kaapuni. Ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o ke kū'ē, ua kiʻekiʻe ka volta i lawe ʻia e ka ʻāpana. E like me nā LED e pili ana, he mea maʻamau ka lawe ʻana o ka hui PN i ka hapa nui o ka volta. ʻO ka mana wela i hana ʻia ma ka hui PN ʻo ia ka hāʻule o ka volta ma luna o ia mea i hoʻonui ʻia e ka waiwai o kēia manawa. Inā ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia ka waiwai o kēia manawa, e hoʻopau ka wela nui i ka hui PN, e nalowale ana kāna hana a komo.

No ke aha e makaʻu ai nā IC i ka uila paʻa? Ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka ʻāpana o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana i kahi IC, liʻiliʻi loa ka capacitance parasitic o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana (pinepine i ka hana kaapuni e koi i ka capacitance parasitic liʻiliʻi loa). No laila, ʻo ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻoili electrostatic e hoʻohua i kahi voli electrostatic kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo ka ʻae ʻana o ka mana o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana he liʻiliʻi loa ia, no laila hiki i ka hoʻokuʻu electrostatic ke hōʻino maʻalahi i ka IC. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole makaʻu loa nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa maʻamau, e like me nā diodes liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me nā transistors mana liʻiliʻi, i ka uila static, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o kā lākou chip a ʻoi aku ka nui o kā lākou parasitic capacitance, a ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā voltages kiʻekiʻe. iā lākou ma nā hoʻonohonoho static maʻamau. Hiki i nā transistors MOS haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka pōʻino electrostatic ma muli o ko lākou ʻāpana ʻokiʻoki ʻokiʻoki a me ka capacitance parasitic liʻiliʻi. Haʻalele lākou i ka hale hana ma hope o ka hoʻopili pōkole ʻana i nā electrodes ʻekolu ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana. I ka hoʻohana ʻana, koi pinepine ʻia e wehe i ke ala pōkole ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka welding. Ma muli o ka ʻāpana chip nui o nā transistors MOS mana kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole e hōʻino ka uila static maʻamau iā lākou. No laila e ʻike ʻoe ʻaʻole pale ʻia nā electrodes ʻekolu o nā transistors MOS mana e nā pōkole pōkole (ua hoʻopōkole ʻia nā mea hana mua ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka hale hana).

He diode maoli ka LED, a he nui loa kona wahi e pili ana i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana i loko o ka IC. No laila, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka capacitance parasitic o nā LED. No laila, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopōʻino i nā LED i ka uila static.

Hiki i ka uila electrostatic i nā kūlana maʻamau, ʻoi aku ma luna o nā insulators, hiki ke loaʻa i ka volta kiʻekiʻe, akā liʻiliʻi loa ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, a he pōkole loa ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana. ʻAʻole i kiʻekiʻe loa ka volta o ka hoʻoiho electrostatic i hoʻokomo ʻia ma luna o ka mea hoʻokele, akā nui paha ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana. He mea ʻino loa kēia i nā mea uila.

No ke aha e pōʻino ai ka uila staticNā ʻāpana LEDʻaʻole hiki pinepine

E hoʻomaka kākou me kahi hanana hoʻokolohua. Lawe ʻia kahi pā hao metala i ka uila static 500V. E kau i ke kukui ma luna o ka pā metala (e hoʻolohe i ke ʻano o ke kau ʻana e pale aku i nā pilikia e hiki mai ana). Manaʻo ʻoe e pōʻino ka LED? Maʻaneʻi, no ka hōʻinoʻana i kahi LED, pono e hoʻohana pinepineʻia me ka voltage iʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o kona puʻupuʻu haʻihaʻi,ʻo ia hoʻi, pono e hoʻopili like nā electrodesʻelua o ke LED i ka pā metala a loaʻa ka voltage iʻoi aʻe ma mua o ka voltage breakdown. ʻOiai he mea hoʻokele maikaʻi ka pā hao, ua like ka volta i hoʻokomo ʻia ma luna o ia, a ʻo ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo 500V pili i ka lepo. No laila, ʻaʻohe volta ma waena o nā electrodes ʻelua o ke LED, a ʻaʻohe mea e pōʻino. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻopili i hoʻokahi electrode o kahi LED me kahi pā hao, a hoʻohui i ka electrode ʻē aʻe me kahi conductor (lima a i ʻole uea me ka ʻole insulating mīkina lima) i ka lepo a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻokele ʻē aʻe.

Ke hoʻomanaʻo nei ka hanana hoʻokolohua ma luna aʻe i ka wā e loaʻa ai kahi LED i kahi kahua electrostatic, pono e hoʻopili kekahi electrode i ke kino electrostatic, a pono e hoʻopili ka electrode ʻē aʻe i ka lepo a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻokele ʻē aʻe ma mua o ka pōʻino. Ma ka hana maoli a me ka noi ʻana, me ka liʻiliʻi o nā LED, ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa nā mea like, ʻoi aku ka nui ma nā pūʻulu. Hiki i nā hanana pōʻino. No ka laʻana, aia kahi LED ma luna o ke kino electrostatic, a hoʻopili kekahi electrode i ke kino electrostatic, aʻo kekahi electrode e hoʻokuʻu wale ʻia. I kēia manawa, hoʻopā kekahi i ka electrode i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, hiki ke hōʻino i kakukui LED.

Hōʻike ka mea i luna nei ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia nā pilikia electrostatic. Pono ka hoʻokuʻu electrostatic i kahi kaapuni conductive, a ʻaʻohe pōʻino inā loaʻa ka uila static. Ke hiki mai ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka leakage, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ka pilikia o ka pōʻino electrostatic ulia. Inā loaʻa ia i nā mea nui, ʻoi aku ka pilikia o ka palaka chip a i ʻole ke kaumaha.