He aha kaʻĀpana LED? No laila he aha kona mau ʻano?ʻO ka hana ʻana i nā pākī LEDʻO ka mea nui ka hana ʻana i ka electrode contact haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a hilinaʻi, e hoʻokō i ka hāʻule liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ma waena o nā mea hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia, e hāʻawi i ka pā kaomi no ka uea welding, a i ka manawa like, e like me ka māmā. Hoʻohana maʻamau ke kaʻina hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni hoʻololi i ke ʻano evaporation vacuum. Ma lalo o 4Pa kiʻekiʻe vacuum, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā mea e ka hoʻomehana kū'ē a i ʻole ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka electron beam bombardment, a ua hoʻohuli ʻia ʻo BZX79C18 i mahu metala e waiho ai ma ka ʻili o nā mea semiconductor ma lalo o ke kaomi haʻahaʻa.

ʻO nā metala pili P-type maʻamau, ʻo ia nō ʻo AuBe, AuZn a me nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe, a ʻo nā metala pili ma ka ʻaoʻao-N he mau ʻāpana AuGeNi. ʻO ka ʻāpana alloy i hoʻokumu ʻia ma hope o ka uhi ʻana e pono e hōʻike i ka wahi luminous e like me ka hiki ma o ka photolithography, i hiki ai i ke koena o ke koena ke hoʻokō i nā koi o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ohm contact electrode a me ka pad laina kuʻi. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kaʻina hana photolithography, e hoʻokō ʻia ke kaʻina hana alloying ma lalo o ka pale o H2 a i ʻole N2. Hoʻoholo pinepine ʻia ka manawa a me ka mahana o ka alloying e like me nā ʻano o nā mea semiconductor a me ke ʻano o ka umu ahi. ʻOiaʻiʻo, inā ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ke kaʻina electrode chip e like me ka uliuli-'ōmaʻomaʻo, pono e hoʻohui ʻia ka ulu ʻana o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni passive a me ke kaʻina etching plasma.

Ma ke kaʻina hana hana chip LED, he aha nā kaʻina hana i ka hopena koʻikoʻi ma kāna hana photoelectric?

ʻO ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hana epitaxial LED, ua hoʻopau ʻia kāna hana uila nui. ʻAʻole e hoʻololi ka hana chip i kona ʻano hana kumu, akā ʻo nā kūlana kūpono ʻole i ka uhi ʻana a me ke kaʻina hana alloying e hōʻemi ai i kekahi mau ʻāpana uila. No ka laʻana, haʻahaʻa a kiʻekiʻe paha ka wela hoʻohuihui e hoʻopilikia i ka pilina ohmic, ʻo ia ke kumu nui o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka volta mua kiʻekiʻe VF i ka hana ʻana i ka chip. Ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana, inā e hana ʻia kekahi kaʻina hana etching ma ka ʻaoʻao chip, e kōkua ia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka leakage hope o ka chip. No ka mea, ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana me ka maka huila wili daimana, nui ka pauda ʻōpala i koe ma ka ʻaoʻao chip. Inā pili kēia mau ʻāpana i ka hui PN o ka puʻupuʻu LED, e hoʻoulu lākou i ka leaka uila, a i ʻole ka haki. Eia kekahi, inā ʻaʻole ʻili maʻemaʻe ka photoresist ma ka ʻili chip, e hoʻopilikia ia i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i mua o ka uea a me ka soldering hoʻopunipuni. Inā ʻo ia ke kua, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe. I ke kaʻina hana o ka chip, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka ikaika o ka māmā ma o ka ʻili ʻana o ka ʻili a me ka ʻoki ʻana i loko o ke ʻano trapezoid inverted.

No ke aha i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai nā ʻāpana LED i nā nui like ʻole? He aha nā hopena o ka nuiLED photoelectrichana?

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka nui o ka chip LED i ka chip mana liʻiliʻi, ka chip mana waena a me ka chip mana kiʻekiʻe e like me ka mana. E like me nā koi o ka mea kūʻai aku, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka pae pae hoʻokahi, pae kikohoʻe, pae lattice a me nā kukui hoʻonaninani a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka nui kikoʻī o ka chip e pili ana i ka pae hana maoli o nā mea hana chip like ʻole, a ʻaʻohe koi kikoʻī. I ka lōʻihi o ke kūpono o ke kaʻina hana, hiki i ka chip ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka huahana a hoʻemi i ke kumukūʻai, a ʻaʻole e loli maoli ka hana photoelectric. ʻO ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia e ka chip pili maoli i ka nui o kēia manawa e kahe ana ma ka chip. ʻO ke au i hoʻohana ʻia e ka chip he liʻiliʻi a ʻo ka manawa i hoʻohana ʻia e ka chip he nui. ʻO kā lākou ʻāpana i kēia manawa like ke ʻano like. Ke noʻonoʻo nei ʻo ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka wela ka pilikia nui ma lalo o ke au kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kona māmā māmā ma mua o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, i ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻāpana, e emi ana ka nui o ke kūʻē ʻana o ka chip, no laila e emi iho ka uila conduction mua.

He aha ka nui o ka chip i kuhikuhi ʻia e LED kiʻekiʻe mana chip? No ke aha mai?

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana mana kiʻekiʻe LED i hoʻohana ʻia no ke kukui keʻokeʻo ma ka mākeke ma kahi o 40 mils, a ʻo ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo nā chips mana kiʻekiʻe ma ke ʻano he ʻoi aku ka mana uila ma mua o 1W. No ka mea ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka quantum efficiency ma mua o 20%, e hoʻololi ʻia ka hapa nui o ka ikehu uila i ka ikehu wela, no laila he mea nui ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka wela o nā pahu mana kiʻekiʻe, e koi ana i kahi ʻāpana chip nui.

He aha nā koi like ʻole o ke kaʻina hana chip a me nā lako hana no ka hana ʻana i nā mea epitaxial GaN i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me GaP, GaAs a me InGaAlP? No ke aha mai?

ʻO nā pani o nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula a me ka melemele LED maʻamau a me nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula quaternary a me ka melemele i hana ʻia me GaP, GaAs a me nā mea semiconductor compound ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hana maʻamau i nā substrates N-type. Hoʻohana ʻia ke kaʻina wai no ka photolithography, a ma hope e hoʻohana ʻia ka pahi huila daimana no ka ʻoki ʻana i nā ʻāpana. ʻO ka puʻupuʻu uliuli ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka mea GaN he substrate sapphire. No ka mea ua insulated ka substrate sapphire, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he pole o LED. Pono e hana ʻia nā electrodes P/N ma ka ʻili epitaxial i ka manawa like ma o kahi kaʻina etching maloʻo a ma o kekahi mau kaʻina passivation. No ka paʻakikī loa o nā sapphires, he paʻakikī ke ʻoki ʻana i nā ʻāpana me nā lau huila wili daimana. ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o kāna kaʻina hana ma mua o GaP a me GaAs LEDs.

He aha ke ʻano a me nā ʻano o ka chip "transparent electrode"?

ʻO ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo transparent electrode e hiki ke alakaʻi i ka uila a me ka māmā. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mea i kēia manawa i ke kaʻina hana hana kristal wai. ʻO Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) kona inoa, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he pad wili. I ka wā o ka hana ʻana, e hana ʻia ka electrode ohmic ma ka ʻili chip, a laila e uhi ʻia kahi papa o ITO ma luna o ka ʻili, a laila e uhi ʻia kahi papa kuʻihao ma ka ʻili o ka ITO. Ma kēia ʻano, ua māhele like ʻia ke ʻano o ke alakaʻi i kēlā me kēia ohmic contact electrode ma o ka papa ITO. Ma ka manawa like, no ka mea, aia ka ITO refractive index ma waena o ka ea a me ka refractive index o ka mea epitaxial, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka huina kukui, a hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka flux luminous.

He aha ke kumu nui o ka ʻenehana chip no ke kukui semiconductor?

Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana LED semiconductor, ʻoi aku ka nui o kāna mau noi i ke kahua o ke kukui, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka puka ʻana mai o ke kukui keʻokeʻo, i lilo i kumu o ke kukui semiconductor. Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka chip kī a me ka ʻenehana packaging, a pono e hoʻomohala ʻia ka chip i ka mana kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe luminous pono a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mana ʻo ia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka manawa i hoʻohana ʻia e ka chip. ʻO ke ala pololei e hoʻonui i ka nui o ka chip. I kēia mau lā, ʻo 1mm × 1mm nā pahu mana kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo 350mA ka mea i kēia manawa Ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia manawa, ua lilo ka pilikia o ka wela wela i pilikia koʻikoʻi. I kēia manawa ua hoʻoponopono ʻia kēia pilikia e ka chip flip. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana LED, ʻo kāna noi i ke kahua kukui e kū i kahi manawa kūpono ʻole a me ka paʻakikī.

He aha ka Flip Chip? He aha kona hale? He aha kona mau pono?

Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻo LED Blue i ka substrate Al2O3. Al2O3 substrate he kiʻekiʻe paʻakikī, haʻahaʻa thermal conductivity a me ka conductivity. Inā hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻolālā maikaʻi, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, e hoʻopiʻi ia i nā pilikia anti-static, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, e lilo ka wela wela i pilikia nui ma lalo o nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe. I ka manawa like, no ka mea e kū ana ka electrode mua i luna, e hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ke kukui, a e hoʻemi ʻia ka pono luminous. Hiki ke loaʻa i nā kukui polū ka mana kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka ʻenehana hōkeo kuʻuna ma o ka ʻenehana chip flip chip.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻopili ʻana i kēia manawa: ʻo ka mua, e hoʻomākaukau i kahi puʻupuʻu LED polū nui me kahi electrode welding eutectic kūpono, i ka manawa like, e hoʻomākaukau i kahi substrate silika i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka chip LED polū, a hana i kahi papa conductive gula a me ka uea alakaʻi. papa (ultrasonic gold wire ball solder joint) no ka wiliwili eutectic. A laila, hoʻopili pū ʻia ka puʻupuʻu LED polū kiʻekiʻe a me ka substrate silika me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana wili eutectic.

Hōʻike ʻia kēia ʻano e pili pono ana ka papa epitaxial me ka substrate silicon, a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kūpaʻa wela o ka substrate silicon ma mua o ka substrate sapphire, no laila ua hoʻoponopono maikaʻi ʻia ka pilikia o ka hoʻohemo ʻana i ka wela. No ka mea e huli ana ka substrate o ka sapphire i luna ma hope o ka hoʻohuli ʻana, e lilo ia i ʻili kukui. ʻIke ʻia ka sapphire, no laila ua hoʻoponopono ʻia ka pilikia hoʻomālamalama. ʻO ka mea i luna nei ka ʻike pili o ka ʻenehana LED. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei au me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kukui LED i ka wā e hiki mai ana, a e hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ko lākou ola lawelawe, e lawe mai iā mākou i ka ʻoluʻolu.