ʻO ka GaP mua loa a me ka GaAsP homojunction ʻulaʻula, melemele, a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa LED i nā makahiki 1970 ua hoʻohana ʻia i nā kukui hōʻailona, ​​nā kikohoʻe a me nā hōʻike kikokikona. Mai ia manawa mai, ua hoʻomaka ʻo LED e komo i nā ʻano noiʻi like ʻole, me ka aerospace, nā mokulele, nā kaʻa, nā noi ʻoihana, nā kamaʻilio, nā huahana mea kūʻai aku, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e uhi ana i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka hoʻokele waiwai a me nā tausani o nā hale. I ka makahiki 1996, ua hiki aku ke kūʻai aku ʻana o LED i nā piliona kālā. ʻOiai ua kaupalena ʻia nā LED e ka waihoʻoluʻu a me ka maikaʻi ʻālohilohi no nā makahiki he nui, ua makemake ʻia ʻo GaP a me GaAsLED e nā mea hoʻohana ma muli o ko lākou ola lōʻihi, hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe, haʻahaʻa ka hana o kēia manawa, kūpono me TTL a me CMOS kikohoʻe kaʻapuni, a me nā pono ʻē aʻe he nui.
I nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala iho nei, ʻo ka ʻōlinolino kiʻekiʻe a me ke kala piha i ʻokiʻoki i nā kumuhana i ka noiʻi ʻana i nā mea LED a me ka ʻenehana hāmeʻa. ʻO ke kukui kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (UHB) e pili ana i ka LED me ka ikaika o 100mcd a ʻoi aku paha, ʻike ʻia ʻo Candela (cd) level LED. ʻO ka holomua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻōlinolino kiʻekiʻe A1GaInP a me InGaNFED he wikiwiki loa, a ua hiki i kēia manawa i kahi pae hana i hiki ʻole i nā mea maʻamau GaA1As, GaAsP, a me GaP ke hoʻokō. I ka makahiki 1991, ua hoʻomohala ʻo Toshiba o Iapana a me HP o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka InGaA1P620nm ʻalani ultra-high light LED, a ma 1992, InGaA1P590nm yellow ultra-high brightlight LED i hoʻohana pono ʻia. I kēlā makahiki hoʻokahi, ua hoʻomohala ʻo Toshiba i ka InGaA1P573nm melemele ʻōmaʻomaʻo ultra-kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe LED me kahi kukui maʻamau o 2cd. I ka makahiki 1994, ua hoʻomohala ʻo Nichia Corporation o Iapana i InGaN450nm ʻulaʻula ('ōmaʻomaʻo) kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe LED. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā waihoʻoluʻu kumu ʻekolu i koi ʻia no ka hōʻike kala, ʻulaʻula, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, uliuli, a me nā LED ʻalani a melemele, ua hiki i ka Candela level luminous intensity, e loaʻa ana ka ʻōlinolino ultra-kiʻekiʻe a me ka hōʻike kala piha, e hana ana i waho piha- hōʻike kala o nā paipu hoʻomāmā he ʻoiaʻiʻo. Ua hoʻomaka ka hoʻomohala ʻana o LED i ko mākou ʻāina i ka makahiki 1970, a ua puka mai ka ʻoihana i nā makahiki 1980. Aia ma mua o 100 mau ʻoihana ma ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa, me 95% o nā mea hana i hana i ka hana ʻana i ka post packaging, a ʻaneʻane lawe ʻia mai nā ʻāpana āpau i koi ʻia mai waho aku. Ma o kekahi mau "Elima Makahiki Hoʻolālā" no ka hoʻololi ʻenehana, nā holomua ʻenehana, ka hoʻolauna ʻana i nā lako hana ʻē aʻe a me kekahi mau ʻenehana koʻikoʻi, ua hele mua ka ʻenehana hana LED o Kina.

1、 Ka hana ʻana o ke kukui uila kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe:
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me GaAsP GaPLED, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe A1GaAsLED, a ʻo ka pono kukui o ka ʻokoʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (TS) A1GaAsLED (640nm) kokoke i 10lm/w, ʻo ia hoʻi he 10 mau manawa ʻoi aku ka nui o ka GaAsP GaPLED ʻulaʻula. Hāʻawi ka ʻōlinolino kiʻekiʻe loa InGaAlPLED i nā kala like me GaAsP GaPLED, me: ʻōmaʻomaʻo melemele (560nm), melemele ʻōmaʻomaʻo māmā (570nm), melemele (585nm), melemele māmā (590nm), ʻalani (605nm), a me ka ʻulaʻula māmā (625nm). , ʻulaʻula hohonu (640nm)). I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka pono ʻālohilohi o ka substrate transparent A1GaInPLED me nā hale LED ʻē aʻe a me nā kumu kukui incandescent, ʻo ka pono kukui o InGaAlPLED absorbing substrate (AS) he 101m/w, a he 201m/w ka mālamalama mālamalama o ka substrate transparent (TS), he 10 ia. -20 manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka GaAsP GaPLED ma ka laulā hawewe o 590-626nm; Ma ka laulā nalu o 560-570, he 2-4 mau manawa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o GaAsP GaPLED. ʻO ka'ōlinolino ultra-kiʻekiʻe InGaNFED hāʻawi i ka'ōmaʻomaʻo uliuli a me ka'ōmaʻomaʻo, me ka lōʻihi o ka nalu o 450-480nm no ka uliuli, 500nm no ka uliuli-'ōmaʻomaʻo, a me ka 520nm no ka'ōmaʻomaʻo; ʻO 3-151m / w kona māmā māmā. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kukui ʻālohilohi i kēia manawa ma mua o nā kukui kukui me nā kānana, a hiki ke hoʻololi i nā kukui kukui me ka mana o lalo o 1 watt. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā laina LED ke hoʻololi i nā kukui incandescent me ka mana o lalo o 150 watts. No nā noi he nui, hoʻohana nā ʻōpuʻu incandescent i nā kānana no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kala ʻulaʻula, ʻalani, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a me ka uliuli, ʻoiai ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kukui uila ultra-kiʻekiʻe hiki ke loaʻa i ka waihoʻoluʻu like. I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hui pū nā kukui ʻālohilohi kiʻekiʻe i hana ʻia me nā mea AlGaInP a me InGaN i nā ʻāpana he nui (ʻulaʻula, uliuli, ʻōmaʻomaʻo) kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, e ʻae ana i nā kala like ʻole me ka ʻole o nā kānana. Me ka ʻulaʻula, ʻalani, melemele, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a me ka uliuli, ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ko lākou ʻālohilohi ma mua o nā kukui kukui a kokoke i nā kukui fluorescent mua. Ua ʻoi aku ka ʻōlinolino o ka 1000mcd, hiki ke hoʻokō i nā pono o waho o ka wā āpau a me ka hōʻike piha piha. Hiki ke hōʻike i ka lani a me ka moana ke kala LED nui, a hoʻokō i ka animation 3D. ʻO ka hanauna hou o nā LED ʻulaʻula, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a me ka uliuli ultra-kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i hoʻokō ʻia i mua ʻole

2、 Ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kukui uila ultra-kiʻekiʻe:
Hōʻailona hōʻailona kaʻa: ʻO nā kukui hōʻailona kaʻa ma waho o ke kaʻa he mau kukui kuhikuhi, nā huelo, a me nā kukui kīwaha; ʻO ka loko o ke kaʻa he kukui a hōʻike no nā mea kani like ʻole. He nui nā pōmaikaʻi o nā LED kukui ʻulaʻula kiʻekiʻe i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā kukui incandescent kuʻuna no nā kukui hōʻailona automotive, a he mākeke ākea i ka ʻoihana kaʻa. Hiki i nā LED ke kū i nā haʻalulu mechanical a me nā haʻalulu. ʻO ke ola hana maʻamau MTBF o nā kukui kīwaha LED he mau kauoha o ka nui ma mua o nā ʻōpuʻu incandescent, ʻoi aku ma mua o ke ola hana o ke kaʻa ponoʻī. No laila, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia nā kukui brake LED ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole i ka mālama. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka luminous ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka substrate Transparent Al GaAs a me AlInGaPLED i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻōpuʻu incandescent me nā kānana, e ʻae ana i nā kukui brake LED a me nā hōʻailona huli e hana ma nā au hoʻokele haʻahaʻa, maʻamau he 1/4 wale nō o nā ʻōpuʻu incandescent, a laila e hoʻemi ana ka mamao e hiki ai i nā kaʻa ke holo. Hiki i ka mana uila haʻahaʻa ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka leo a me ke kaumaha o ka ʻōnaehana wili kūloko o ke kaʻa, ʻoiai e hōʻemi ana i ka piʻi ʻana o ka wela o loko o nā kukui hōʻailona LED i hoʻohui ʻia, e ʻae i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā plastics me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa no nā lens a me nā hale. ʻO ka manawa pane o nā kukui uila LED he 100ns, ʻoi aku ka pōkole ma mua o nā kukui incandescent, e waiho ana i ka manawa pane hou aku no nā mea hoʻokele a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka palekana kaʻa. ʻO ka mālamalama a me ke kala o nā kukui hōʻike waho o ke kaʻa i wehewehe maopopo ʻia. ʻOiai ʻaʻole mālama ʻia ka hōʻike kukui kūloko o nā kaʻa e nā keʻena aupuni kūpono e like me nā kukui hōʻailona waho, loaʻa i nā mea hana kaʻa nā koi no ke kala a me ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana o nā LED. Ua hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻia ʻo GaPLED i nā kaʻa, a e hoʻololi ʻo AlGaInP a me InGaNFED i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i loko o nā kaʻa ma muli o ko lākou hiki ke hoʻokō i nā koi o nā mea hana e pili ana i ke kala a me ka mālamalama. Mai ka hiʻohiʻona kumukūʻai, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kukui LED ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kukui incandescent, ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa nui o ke kumukūʻai ma waena o nā ʻōnaehana ʻelua holoʻokoʻa. Me ka hoʻomohala kūpono o nā TSAlGaAs a me nā LED AlGaInP, ke emi mau nei nā kumukūʻai i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka emi ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

Hōʻailona hōʻailona kaʻa: Ke hoʻohana nei i nā LED ʻālohilohi kiʻekiʻe loa ma mua o nā kukui incandescent no nā kukui hōʻailona hele, nā kukui hoʻolaha, a me nā kukui hōʻailona ua laha a puni ka honua, me ka mākeke ākea a me ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ka noi. Wahi a nā helu helu mai ka US Department of Transportation i ka makahiki 1994, aia he 260000 intersections ma ʻAmelika kahi i hoʻokomo ʻia ai nā hōʻailona kaʻa, a pono e loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kuʻina nā hōʻailona ʻulaʻula, melemele, a me ka uliuli ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Nui nā ʻaoʻao i loaʻa nā hōʻailona hoʻololi hou a me nā kukui ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka hele ʻana i ke ala. Ma kēia ala, hiki ke loaʻa nā kukui kaʻa he 20 ma kēlā me kēia hui, a pono lākou e hoʻomālamalama i ka manawa like. Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia aia ma kahi o 135 miliona mau kukui uila ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. I kēia manawa, ua loaʻa nā hopena koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kukui uila ultra-kiʻekiʻe e pani i nā kukui incandescent kuʻuna. Hoʻopau ʻo Iapana ma kahi o 1 miliona kilowatts o ka uila i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma nā kukui uila, a ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻōpuʻu incandescent me nā LED kukui ultra-kiʻekiʻe, ʻo 12% wale nō kona hoʻohana uila.
Pono nā mana kūpono o kēlā me kēia ʻāina e hoʻokumu i nā lula e pili ana i nā kukui hōʻailona, ​​​​e kuhikuhi ana i ke kala o ka hōʻailona, ​​ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana, ke ʻano hoʻokaʻawale spatial o ka beam, a me nā koi no ke kaiapuni hoʻonohonoho. ʻOiai ua hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau koi i nā ʻōpuʻu incandescent, pili lākou i nā kukui hōʻailona hōʻailona ultra-high light LED i kēia manawa. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kukui incandescent, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola o nā kukui uila LED, maʻamau a hiki i 10 mau makahiki. Ke noʻonoʻo nei i ka hopena o nā kaiapuni waho paʻakikī, pono e hoʻemi ʻia ke ola i manaʻo ʻia i 5-6 mau makahiki. I kēia manawa, ua hana ʻia nā kukui ʻulaʻula AlGaInP ʻulaʻula, ʻalani, a melemele a ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai. Inā hoʻohana ʻia nā modula me nā kukui ʻulaʻula kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ʻulaʻula e pani i nā poʻo hōʻailona ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula kahiko, hiki ke hōʻemi ʻia ka hopena i ka palekana ma muli o ka hiki ʻole o nā kukui ʻulaʻula. ʻO kahi module hōʻailona hōʻailona LED maʻamau he mau pūʻulu o nā kukui LED pili. ʻO ka lawe ʻana i kahi module 12 ʻulaʻula LED traffic signal module ma ke ʻano he laʻana, ma 3-9 pūʻulu o nā kukui LED pili, ʻo ka helu o nā kukui LED pili i kēlā me kēia set he 70-75 (he 210-675 mau kukui LED). Ke hāʻule hoʻokahi kukui LED, e hoʻopili wale ia i hoʻokahi pūʻulu o nā hōʻailona, ​​​​a e hoʻemi ʻia nā ʻāpana i koe i 2/3 (67%) a i ʻole 8/9 (89%) o ke kumu, me ka ʻole o ka pau ʻana o ke poʻo hōʻailona holoʻokoʻa. e like me nā kukui kukui.
ʻO ka pilikia nui me nā modula hōʻailona hōʻailona LED ʻo ia ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai hana. Ke lawe nei i ka 12 iniha TS AlGaAs ʻulaʻula LED traffic signal module ma ke ʻano he laʻana, ua hoʻohana mua ʻia ma 1994 ma ke kumu kūʻai o $350. Ma ka makahiki 1996, he $200 ke kumu kūʻai o ka 12 iniha AlGaInP LED traffic signal module me ka maikaʻi o ka hana.

Manaʻo ia i ka wā e hiki mai ana, e hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke kumukūʻai o InGaN blue-green LED traffic signal modules me AlGaInP. ʻOiai he haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai o nā poʻo hōʻailona o ka incandescent, hoʻopau lākou i ka uila. ʻO 150W ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana o ke poʻo hōʻailona incandescent he 12 iniha, a ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana o ke kukui ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e hele ana i ke alanui a me ke alahele he 67W. E like me ka helu ʻana, ʻo 18133KWh ka hoʻohana mana makahiki o nā kukui hōʻailona incandescent ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao, e like me ka bila uila makahiki o $1450; Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā modules LED traffic signal, me kēlā me kēia 8-12 iniha ʻulaʻula LED traffic signal module e hoʻopau ana i 15W a me 20W o ka uila. Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona LED ma nā ʻāpana me nā hoʻololi pua, me ka hoʻohana mana o 9W wale nō. E like me ka helu ʻana, hiki i kēlā me kēia kuʻina ke mālama i 9916KWh o ka uila i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e like me ka mālama ʻana i $793 i nā bila uila i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ma muli o ka awelika kumu kūʻai o $200 no kēlā me kēia module LED traffic signal module, hiki i ka ʻulaʻula LED traffic signal module ke hoʻihoʻi i kona kumu kūʻai mua ma hope o 3 mau makahiki me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka uila i mālama ʻia, a hoʻomaka e loaʻa nā hoʻihoʻi hoʻokele waiwai. No laila, ke hoʻohana nei i kēia manawa i nā modules ʻike kaʻa AlGaInLED, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kumukūʻai i ka holo lōʻihi.