1. Ka hopena Photobiological
No ke kūkākūkā ʻana i ka pilikia o ka palekana photobiological, ʻo ka hana mua e wehewehe i nā hopena photobiological. He ʻokoʻa ka wehewehe ʻana o nā ʻepekema like ʻole i ka manaʻo o nā hopena photobiological, hiki ke kuhikuhi i nā pilina like ʻole ma waena o ka māmā a me nā mea ola. Ma kēia ʻatikala, kūkākūkā wale mākou i nā hopena physiological o ke kino kanaka i hana ʻia e ka mālamalama.
ʻO ka hopena o nā hopena photobiological i ke kino o ke kanaka he mau ʻano. Ma muli o nā ʻano hana like ʻole a me nā hopena o nā hopena photobiological, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana: nā hopena ʻike o ka mālamalama, nā hopena ʻike ʻole o ka mālamalama, a me nā hopena radiation o ka mālamalama.
ʻO ka hopena hiʻohiʻona o ka mālamalama e pili ana i ka hopena o ka mālamalama i ka hihiʻo, ʻo ia ka hopena kumu nui o ka mālamalama. ʻO ke olakino ʻike maka ka mea e pono ai ke kukui. ʻO nā mea e pili ana i nā hopena ʻike maka o ka mālamalama, ʻo ia ka ʻōlinolino, ka māhele spatial, ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻana, ke aniani, nā hiʻohiʻona kala, nā hiʻohiʻona flicker, etc.
ʻO nā hopena ʻike ʻole o ka mālamalama e pili ana i nā hopena physiological a me psychological o ke kino kanaka i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka mālamalama, pili i ka hana pono o nā kānaka, ka manaʻo o ka palekana, ka hōʻoluʻolu, ke olakino a me ke olakino. Ua hoʻomaka ka noiʻi ʻana i nā hopena ʻike ʻole o ka mālamalama, akā ua ulu wikiwiki. Ma ka ʻōnaehana loiloi maikaʻi o nā kukui o kēia lā, ua lilo nā hopena ʻike ʻole o ka mālamalama i mea koʻikoʻi ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia.
ʻO ka hopena radiation o ka mālamalama e pili ana i ka pōʻino i hana ʻia i nā ʻiʻo kanaka e nā hopena o nā lōʻihi hawewe like ʻole o ka radiation māmā ma ka ʻili, cornea, lens, retina, a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ke kino. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hopena radiation o ke kukui i ʻelua mau ʻāpana e pili ana i kāna hana hana: photochemical pōʻino a me thermal radiation pōʻino. Ma ke ʻano kikoʻī, loaʻa iā ia nā pōʻino like ʻole e like me nā pōʻino kemika UV mai nā kumu māmā, nā pōʻino kukui uliuli retinal, a me nā pōʻino wela o ka ʻili.
Hiki i ke kino o ke kanaka ke pale a hoʻoponopono paha i nā hopena o kēia mau ʻeha, akā i ka hiki ʻana o ka hopena radiation māmā i kahi palena, ʻaʻole lawa ka hiki ke hoʻoponopono ponoʻī o ke kino e hoʻoponopono i kēia mau ʻeha, a e hōʻiliʻili ka pōʻino, e hopena i nā hopena hiki ʻole ke hoʻihoʻi. e like me ka nalo ʻana o ka ʻike, nā ʻeha retinal, ka ʻili ʻili, etc.
Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, aia nā pilina paʻakikī he nui a me nā ʻano pane maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole ma waena o ke olakino kanaka a me ke kaiapuni māmā. ʻO nā hopena o ka mālamalama i nā mea ola, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ke kino o ke kanaka, pili i nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ka lōʻihi o ka nalu, ka ikaika, nā kūlana hana, a me ke kūlana o ke kino.
ʻO ke kumu o ke aʻo ʻana i nā hopena o ka photobiology e ʻimi i nā mea pili i waena o nā hopena o ka photobiology a me ke kaiapuni māmā a me ke kūlana biological, e ʻike i nā mea pilikia e hiki ke hōʻeha i ke olakino a me nā mea maikaʻi e hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia, ʻimi i nā pono a pale aku i ka pōʻino, a hiki i ka hoʻohui hohonu ʻana o nā optics a me nā ʻepekema ola.

2. Photobiosafety
Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka manaʻo o photobiosafety ma nā ʻano ʻelua: haiki a ākea. ʻO ka "photobiosafety" i wehewehe ʻia e pili ana i nā pilikia palekana i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hopena radiation o ka mālamalama, ʻoiai i wehewehe ʻia, "photobiosafety" pili i nā pilikia palekana i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka radiation māmā ma ke olakino kanaka, me nā hopena ʻike o ka mālamalama, nā hopena ʻike ʻole o ka mālamalama. , a me nā hopena radiation o ka malamalama.
I loko o ka ʻōnaehana noiʻi o photobiosafety, ʻo ka mea noiʻi o ka photobiosafety he kukui a hōʻike paha, a ʻo ka pahuhopu o photobiosafety he mau kino e like me nā maka a i ʻole ka ʻili o ke kino o ke kanaka, i hōʻike ʻia e like me nā loli i nā ʻāpana physiological e like me ka mahana o ke kino a me ke anawaena haumāna. . ʻO ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka photobiosafety e kālele nui ana i ʻekolu mau ʻaoʻao nui: ke ana a me ka loiloi ʻana i ka radiation photobiosafety i hana ʻia e nā kumu kukui, ka pilina nui ma waena o ka photoradiation a me ka pane kanaka, a me nā palena a me nā ʻano pale no ka pāhawewe photobiosafety.
ʻOkoʻa ka ikaika o ka pāhawewe māmā i hana ʻia e nā kumu kukui like ʻole i ka ikaika, ka māhele spatial, a me ka spectrum. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea kukui a me nā ʻenehana kukui naʻauao, nā kumu kukui naʻauao hou e like me nā kumu kukui LED, nā kumu kukui OLED, a me nā kumu kukui laser e hoʻohana mālie ʻia i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka home, kālepa, lāʻau lapaʻau, keʻena, a i ʻole nā ​​hiʻohiʻona kukui kūikawā. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kumu kukui kuʻuna, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā kumu kukui naʻauao hou i ka ikehu radiation a me ke kiko kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe. No laila, ʻo kekahi o nā kuhikuhi mua i ka noiʻi ʻana i ka palekana photobiological ʻo ia ke aʻo ʻana i nā ana a i ʻole nā ​​​​ʻano loiloi no ka palekana photobiological o nā kumu kukui hou, e like me ke aʻo ʻana i ka palekana olaola o nā kukui laser automotive a me ka ʻōnaehana loiloi o ke olakino kanaka a me ka hōʻoluʻolu. o nā huahana kukui semiconductor.
ʻOkoʻa nō hoʻi nā hopena physiological i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā lōʻihi hawewe like ʻole o ka radiation māmā e hana ana ma luna o nā kino kanaka a i ʻole ʻiʻo like ʻole. ʻOiai he ʻōnaehana paʻakikī ke kino o ke kanaka, ʻo ka wehewehe ʻana i ka pilina ma waena o ka radiation māmā a me ka pane ʻana o ke kanaka kekahi o nā kuhikuhi ʻokiʻoki i ka noiʻi photobiosafety, e like me ka hopena a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka mālamalama i nā mele physiological kanaka, a me ka hoʻopuka o ka mālamalama. ka nui o ka nui e hoʻoulu ai i nā hopena ʻike ʻole.
ʻO ke kumu o ka hana noiʻi e pili ana i ka palekana photobiological ʻo ia ka pale ʻana i ka pōʻino i hana ʻia e ke kanaka i ka radiation māmā. No laila, ma muli o nā hualoaʻa noiʻi e pili ana i ka palekana olaola kiʻi a me nā hopena olaola kiʻi o nā kumu kukui, ua manaʻo ʻia nā kūlana kukui kūpono a me nā ʻano pale, a ua manaʻo ʻia nā ʻōnaehana hoʻolālā huahana palekana a olakino, ʻo ia kekahi o nā kuhikuhi mua o ke kiʻi. noiʻi palekana olaola, e like me ka hoʻolālā ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana kukui olakino no nā mokulele nui kanaka, noiʻi e pili ana i nā kukui olakino a me nā ʻōnaehana hōʻike, a me ka noiʻi ʻana i ka ʻenehana noiʻi o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni pale kukui polū no ke olakino māmā a me ka palekana māmā.

3. Nā pūʻulu Photobiosafety a me nā mīkini
ʻO ka laulā o nā pūʻali radiation māmā e pili ana i ka palekana photobiological ka nui o nā nalu electromagnetic mai 200nm a 3000nm. Wahi a ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka nalu, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka radiation optical i ka radiation ultraviolet, ʻike ʻia ke kukui ʻike, a me ka radiation infrared. ʻAʻole like loa nā hopena physiological i hana ʻia e ka radiation electromagnetic o nā lōʻihi hawewe like ʻole.
Hōʻike ʻia ka radiation ultraviolet i ka radiation electromagnetic me kahi hawewe o 100nm-400nm. ʻAʻole hiki i ka maka kanaka ke ʻike i ka hele ʻana o ka radiation ultraviolet, akā he hopena koʻikoʻi ka radiation ultraviolet i ka physiology kanaka. Ke hoʻohana ʻia ka radiation ultraviolet i ka ʻili, hiki iā ia ke hoʻoulu i ka vasodilation, ka hopena i ka ʻulaʻula. Hiki i ka hoʻolaha lōʻihi ke kumu i ka maloʻo, ka nalowale o ka elasticity, a me ka ʻelemakule o ka ʻili. Ke hoʻohana ʻia ka radiation ultraviolet i nā maka, hiki ke hoʻoulu i keratitis, conjunctivitis, cataracts, etc.
ʻO ka hawewe māmā ʻike maʻamau e pili ana i nā nalu electromagnetic me nā lōʻihi hawewe mai 380-780nm. ʻO nā hopena physiological o ke kukui ʻike ʻia ma ke kino o ke kanaka, ʻo ia ka nui o ka ʻili, erythema, a me ka pōʻino o ka maka e like me ka ʻeha wela a me ka retinitis i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka lā. ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kukui polū ikaika mai 400nm a 500nm hiki ke hoʻopōʻino i ka photochemical i ka retina a hoʻolalelale i ka oxidation o nā cell i ka macular area. No laila, manaʻo nui ʻia ʻo ke kukui polū ka mālamalama ʻike ʻino loa.